The orifice flow meter is a throttling device and is a differential pressure sensing element that measures flow.Equipped with differential pressure transmitter and realistic, recording, integrating and adjusting instruments, it can be used to measure, calculate and control the instantaneous flow rate and cumulative flow rate of liquid, steam and gas.
The throttling device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, reliable use, low price, convenient maintenance and wide selection range (the measuring pipe diameter of the standard throttling device can be from 50 mm to 1200 mm, and the diameter of the non-standard throttling device can be as small as 6mm, as large as 3000mm; the measuring temperature can be as high as 555°C; the pressure can reach 42MPa), and the standard throttling device also has the advantages of no need for separate calibration, etc.It is the most widely used and most mature product in flow meter, so it is widely used in electric power, chemical industry, metallurgy, petroleum, textile, military and other fields.
The throttling device is composed of a throttle part, a pressure taking device(including pressure taps, pressure pipes and valves, etc.) and matching flanges, sometimes including straight pipe sections that meet the standards.The standard throttle device has standard orifice, standard nozzle and standard Venturi tube. Standard orifice plates are angled (ring chamber or borehole) to take pressure, flange to take pressure, diameter to take pressure; Standard nozzles are divided into nozzles and long-diameter nozzles according to their forms; standard Venturi pipes are divided into Venturi nozzles and Venturi pipes according to their forms (roughly cast or machined or rolled plates). Non-standard throttling devices include small aperture plate, 1/4 round orifice plate, round orifice plate,circular orifice plate, eccentric orifice plate, double orifice plate, concealed orifice plate, conical inlet orifice plate, etc. Other forms of throttle devices include pitot tube, uniform speed pipe, wedge, cone and so on.
When using a standard throttling device, the nature and state of the fluid must meet the following conditions:
(1) The fluid must be filled with pipes and throttling devices and flow continuously through the pipe;
(2) The fluid flow does not change or change very slowly over time;
(3) Fluid does not intersect through throttling parts;
(4) The fluid must be Newtonian fluid, ie physically and thermodynamically homogeneous, single-phase, or can be considered single-phase, including mixed gases, solutions and dispersive particles less than o. 1 m colloid.Solid particles having a uniform dispersion of not more than 2% (mass component) in the gas, or bubbles having a uniform dispersion of not more than 5% (volume component) in the liquid may also be regarded as a single-phase fluid, but the density thereof shall be an average density;
(5) Before the fluid flows through the throttling parts, the flow of fluid is an irrotational flow parallel to the axis of the pipeline.
Standard throttling devices are not suitable for flow measurement of moving and critical flows. The throttling device artificially causes throttling in the pipeline in which the medium flows. When the measured medium flows through the throttling device, a partial contraction occurs, the stream is concentrated, the flow rate is increased, the static pressure is lowered, and then the upstream and downstream of the throttle part are a static pressure difference is generated on both sides. This static pressure difference has a certain function relationship with the flow rate. The larger the flow rate, the larger the static pressure difference generated. Therefore, the flow rate can be measured by measuring the differential pressure.
The orifice flow meter is different from other flow meters in that the orifice flow meter is based on the parameter to design drawings and is finally processed. It is only necessary to select the orifice material according to the measurement medium.
</a> Even Lloyd George, who knew more than most about the dark side of political patronage, would have been shocked by the numbers. The old Welsh goat had despised the House of Lords since it voted down his 1909 People's Budget. But when he described the then hereditary peers-only upper house as a "body of 500 men drawn at random from the ranks of the unemployed", he could not have guessed that in 2013 that body would be a ludicrously oversized 838.
</a> Brooks told Reuters Health it is "impossible to say what led to these delays." He speculated that patients may play a part, however, and described scenarios in which some individuals may not be prompt in following through with their treatment after diagnosis, while others may miss appointments and not receive priority rescheduling.
</a> Farley went so far as to say she forgives Christie for his past antics against the MTV stars, including his rejection of $420,000 in tax credits for âJersey Shore.â In September 2011, Christie said the show âdoes nothing more than perpetuate misconceptions about the state and its citizens.â
</a> Thaworn, who won the tournament in 2010, struggled with his iron play but dazzled in and around the greens, which also impressed playing partner Jonathan Moore of the United States, who carded a disappointing 75.
</a> Some consider the wrong-way directions from Apple Maps last year as the biggest failure in the company's storied history. The problems led to executive firings and helped solidify Google Maps as the go-to app for navigating.
</a> Many countries offer their own variation on tripe soup, with Mexico’s fiery hot pancita and Korea’s haejangguk or “soup for the stomach” containing cow bones and blood. Sicilians have touted dried bull’s penis, while tea brewed with rabbit droppings was supposedly a favourite of American cowboys.
</a> Of most immediate impact was a plan to attract investment from Indians living overseas by allowing banks access to preferential swap rates at the central bank. India thereby gets some of the money it needs to attract, banks make a nifty profit and the central bank avoids taking assets onto its own balance sheet.
</a> Not bad for someone who has overcome a lifetime of obstacles. Following a complicated birth, doctors were not sure he would live more than a week. His goal is to complete five marathons, and he plans to run the Boston Marathon in tribute to the bombing victims.
</a> "Chrysler is smartly reducing its dependence on sales to rental car fleets," said Michelle Krebs, senior analyst at Edmunds.com. "While declines in fleet sales may hurt overall sales volume, retail sales are a healthier business for automakers and a plus for retail consumers who benefit from stronger resale values for their vehicles."
</a> The National Cancer Institute, a part of National Institutes of Health, estimates that 38,460 people will die of pancreatic cancer in 2013 while 45,220 people will be diagnosed with the disease in the same period.
</a> MILWAUKEE (AP) â A 76-year-old Milwaukee man who said he was seeking justice when he shot and killed his teen neighbor after accusing the boy of burglary was sentenced Monday to life in prison with no chance of parole.
</a> In typically brazen style, Osborne framed the exercise not as an apology for missed deficit targets, but as the continuation of a successful strategy. In particular, he exploited the occasion to articulate and celebrate the central principle of public service reform: that it is possible to do better, for less. Look at the Home Office, he said: “What was the prediction from the opposition three years ago? Crime would rise. And what has happened instead? Crime has fallen by more than 10 per cent.”
</a> Macklemore & Ryan Lewis also received nominations for the coveted best new artist award, the single of the year for "Thrift Shop," favorite pop/rock band, and best rap/hip-hop artist and album for "The Heist."
</a> Game on! It looks like these sports stars know how to score both on and off the field. Not only do athletes have fame, fortune, legions of adoring fans and countless endorsement deals, they also have...
</a> After half a decade on the stage, he and the Stones continue to satisfy global audiences. They recently wrapped up a nine month tour of Europe and North America and headlined Britain’s Glastonbury festival.
</a> <blockquote>Built in 2000, the 4,700 square foot Middleton Athletic Center has locker rooms for all Middle and Upper school students, a 2,500 square foot state-of-the-art weight room, an athletic trainer's room, a video room, three basketball courts, and a wrestling room with two full-sized wrestling mats.
</a> Manchester City players have arrived back in training on Monday with skipper Vincent Kompany leading the way. Manuel Pellegrini will get the chance to take his new players through their paces, including £30mliion signing Fernandinho, who joins from Shakhtar Donetsk.
</a> Promoted tweets are usually brought by brands and companiesto highlight specific products or campaigns to a larger audience. They appearin searches, in the list of trending topics and sometimes in usersâ news feeds.However, this seems to be the first time the platform has been used to complainabout a brand.
</a> The blast occurred Monday night in an underground utility vault outside a building that houses the chancellor's office. It came as crews were trying to get the electrical system back up following an outage that darkened the campus for several hours.
</a> “So he’s got a lot of help, a lot of support in that respect. But when it comes down to it, there’s just me and him fighting in the cage. I remember when I fought Rashad Evans. He was with Greg Jackson and at that time it was regarded as the best gym in the world.
</a> Fanning out across New Haven to schools, stores, bus stops, beauty parlors and other locations where mothers might congregate, the research team asked women about their health, medical care, use of social services and access to basic needs such as food, housing and diapers.
</a> Despite recent progress on the constitution, Brahmi's killing is likely to reactivate the mass protests and strikes across multiple sectors that followed Belaid's assassination, wrote Anna Boyd, senior Middle East analyst at IHS Country Risk.
</a> Steve Hodges, banking chief executive of Close Brothers, said: "Lending to SMEs is at the core of our banking business and we have more than doubled our lending to the sector since 2009. Our lending is done through our experienced people at the local level, with over 40 branches across the UK, and we are committed to supporting our customers in all economic conditions."
</a> Balfour has recently agreed to sell a number of assets including WorkPlace, its facilities management business, and Exeter Airport. It is shutting three sites in Rochdale, Doncaster and Dartord, saying they are no longer sustainable given the dearth of construction activity.
</a> Reflecting this demand, the latest guide included 83restaurants in its "Bib Gourmand" category. These restaurantsoffer two courses with a glass of wine or dessert for $40 orless per person. (Reporting by Richard Leong; editing by Patricia Reaney andStacey Joyce)
</a> Mosquitoes breed in the stagnant water left after a high tide or a storm. The agency employs 40 inspectors who scour 42 islands spread across 140 square miles. After an event, inspectors have only days before eggs grow into biting, potentially disease-spreading adults.
</a> Russia has courted controversy since the ban on anti-gaypropaganda among minors went into force nationwide this year, aspart of a drive by President Vladimir Putin to win overconservative voters after protests against his long rule.
</a> Agreed, no more leaving house/car keys lying around quick pic by someone and instant key, but maybe times are coming to we will need no keys soon and be logging into our homes and the only thing have to worry about losing is your password. but yeah there could be a time when this comes in handy maybe in some situation but just cant see myself using it.
</a> Nomura economist Zhiwei Zhang said new monetary policies could slow China's building economic momentum as the government moves "to shift its focus away from the speed of growth, towards efforts to rebalance the economy and improve the quality of growth."
</a> Mayor Nir Barkat, who is running for re-election after one term, is a multimillionaire high-tech investor who takes a token salary of one shekel a year and tries to position himself between the leftists and moderately religious folks and the Orthodox who demand more attention to Jewish law.
</a> In the last few years, BPC and Canpotex raised potash priceswell above their production cost, a senior official at a majorIndian potash firm said, asking not to be identified because ofthe sensitivity of the matter.
</a> Together with his loyal partner, Daniel Domscheit-Berg (Daniel Brühl), Assange tantalizes newspaper editors (Peter Capaldi, David Thewlis) and torments government leaders (Laura Linney, Stanley Tucci, Anthony Mackie). But Daniel soon starts to worry about Assangeâs mental stability, as well as his evident desire for the wrong kind of attention.
</a> For the paper's health reporter, Charlie Cooper, while nothing is certain yet, "when leading lights in the field speak of possible 'turning points' and 'history' it is worth sitting up and paying attention".
</a> He has been the Mets workhorse,which is something of a a surprise considering he lost all of the second half of 2012 after surgery to repair a damaged artery in his shoulder. He is one of three Mets who has remained on the active roster since Opening Day, along with LaTroy Hawkins and Murphy.
</a> In 1965, Berg set up in New York a small institute that was the forerunner of the current Kabbalah Centre, the Los Angeles Times reported in 2011. He later moved to Israel and then back to the United States where he expanded the organization and in 1998 made Los Angeles its headquarters, according to the paper.
</a> We are not what we consume. Game culture is slowly finding its feet within the mainstream. And in the same way that film, art, literature and so on are open to critique both on content and on taste grounds, games are too. As the medium matures it has to take mature criticism, especially when parts of the industry are reaching many millions of players.
</a> "With all these privatisations, they have been done at a discount. It is sensible, though, not to make a judgement on price the day after, but to wait until things settle down a bit in three or six months' time."
</a> Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are the highest-earning acting couple on the Forbes list, earning an estimated $50 million, followed by Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher (who, by the way, still haven't really made it official they're a couple).
</a> The man, who is said to be from Britain’s Special Forces but cannot be identified for security reasons, had been drinking a coffee at the Westgate mall in Nairobi when militants stormed it on Saturday.
</a> The bonds are rated at the same level as KoFC's Long-Term Issuer Default Rating (IDR) of 'AA-' which in turn is equalised with the IDR of South Korea. The rating reflects Fitch's belief of an extremely high probability of support, in case of need, from the government for KoFC. The Korean government is legally obliged to cover KoFC's losses should the latter's capital reserve funds fail to do so, as per Article 31 of the KoFC Act.
</a> Third Point is pleased with the progress in the electronic unit in recent months, the person said, adding that the hedge fund now wants to see Sony lay out a specific plan to boost the entertainment division's profitability and transparency before the next annual general meeting, expected in May 2014.
</a> Bales, a decorated veteran of four combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan, pleaded guilty in June to walking off his base under cover of darkness last year and opening fire on civilians in their homes in at least two villages.
</a> Bruno Iksil, the trader most identified with the losses, iscooperating with federal prosecutors in an agreement which meanshe will not face charges. Iksil was known as "the London Whale"because of the size of derivatives trades he made.
</a> The board will decide on the nomination on Aug. 23, thefiling added. The company is preparing to sell shares in anoffering scheduled for this third quarter of this year, sourcesrecently told International Financing Review, a Thomson Reuterspublication specialized in capital markets.
</a> "We've dealt with it all year long; we have not hit as many home runs as we did in the past," Girardi said before watching his team produce three singles all night. "In the past we were accused of hitting too many, now we're not hitting enough. So somewhere there's the perfect amount, in between there.
</a> The deal is expected to be approved by the Hexaware board asearly as Friday, said the sources, who declined to be namedbefore a public announcement. A spokeswoman for Hexaware did nothave immediate comment.
</a> Wal-Mart insists that putting workers on temporary contracts is not a cost-cutting move. In particular, it contends that this practice has nothing to do with the Affordable Care Act, set to take effect in January 2014. But surely, Wal-Mart must know that the healthcare law allows companies to delay health coverage for up to a year while they determine whether or not an employee working less than full-time must be offered benefits.
</a> For an extra £7.50 a month - or £90 a year, current account holders can get worldwide multi-trip family travel insurance. The insurance is comprehensive, offering winter sports cover, 45 days' cover per trip, and up to £5,000 per person if the holiday is cancelled.
</a> âA big part of us not winning the division this year or the hole weâre in right now is a result of not playing well against them,â Maddon said. âTheyâve been our primary foe this year that weâve not played well against.â
</a> President Obama will hope for the best; Israel with its new partner Saudi Arabia will prepare for the worst-and will take out Iran’s nuclear program. Read Amazon Kindle’s new thriller; The Bahrain Protocol; timely, accurate, and chilling prescient.
</a> A more recent financial trend is the development of student accounts with incentives to lure young people heading off to university. Banks realised that if they could hook someone early enough, they might never leave. Free student railcards, CDs, shopping discounts and MP3 players were all used to attract a generation of new customers.
</a> “We’ve done a Crozes-Hermitage, which sold well, a pale rosé from St André de Figuière in Provence [a properly good producer] and a Touraine sauvignon blanc.”
</a> The Environment Agency currently has three flood warnings, where people should expect flooding and take immediate action - two on the River Spodden in Whitworth, in Lancashire, and one at Walsden in Todmorden, as well as eight flood alerts across the country.
</a> Wilson seemed to settle down, too, after his Twitter outburst, later tweeting, âS/O to all our supporters and big blue nation lets go get these wins the fans deserve every win we get #wegonegetitâ
</a> "That's why Tracy [Martin] and I have launched The Trayvon Martin Foundation to try and take something very painful and negative and turn it into something positive as a legacy to our son," Fulton added.
</a> Djokovic hit back immediately but Murray broke again for a 4-3 lead and clinched an absorbing opening set in an hour - just as he had done against Federer a year earlier when he went on to lose the next three.
</a> âI canât imagine having a kid and then not being able to be there - - that would just drive me crazy,â Duhamel said in a previous interview with ET Canada. âWe want to work it out so that we can be together; whether I am working, they can come with [Me]or if she is working I can go with them. I canât see myself ever wanting to be away from my wife and kid.â
</a> BEIJING/HONG KONG - China reiterated its opposition on Thursday to a European Union plan to limit airline carbon dioxide emissions and called for talks to resolve the issue a day after its major airlines refused to pay any carbon costs under the new law.
</a> And then there was teammate Robinson Cano. His leg was wrapped, his night was done, after taking a Matt Harvey fastball above the knee, and the All-Star Game was only in the third inning. Yet he said he had every intention of staying to see Rivera.
</a> At euronews we believe in the intelligence of our viewers and we think that the mission of a news channel is to deliver facts without any opinion or bias, so that the viewers can form their own opinion on world events.
</a> Josh majored in journalism at Seton Hill University and is currently Editor-in-Chief for FanSided.com and a member of the Football Writers Association of America. Prior to joining FanSided.com as editor, Josh was senior editor at NFLSpinZone.com, TheLandryHat.com, CagePages.com and NFLMocks.com. His work has been featured on various media outlets including: ESPN.com, SportsIllustrated.com, NFL.com, FOXSports.com and CBSSports.com.You can e-mail Josh at joshsanchez@gmail.com
</a> HAMM, Germany, Sept 18 (Reuters) - Facing an election defeaton Sunday, Germany's Social Democrats are holding on to theirtrump card, Hannelore Kraft, a popular former handball playerwho is seen as the left's answer to Angela Merkel.
</a> His change of sides in 2006 contributed to destabilisingProdi's government and contributed to its eventual collapse, buthe has since turned against Berlusconi, leader of Italy'slargest centre-right party, the People of Freedom (PDL).
</a> If poor Mr. Kerry is so serious about people being and acting reasonable why does he lack the simple objectivity and courage to state straight out that it is hardly realistic to expect Israel to take these talks seriously and with very good reason that even a child can readily comprehend.
</a> In previous legal rulings judges have stopped short ofsaying Libor is relevant to all claims against banks but said itcould be used in cases where contracts have been linkedspecifically to the benchmark.
</a> âWe started getting a slew of letters and emails asking us questions about fashion, decorating, eyelashes and cooking,â Jenner says. âAnd Iâve always been someone whoâs really passionate about that stuff. But itâs not something that we always show on our show, because there are so many family members you never really get to know somebody inside and out,â she says.
</a> "In these talks all the rights of Iran, including nuclear and enrichment rights on our own territory should be accepted within the framework of international law," he said, according to state news agency IRNA.
</a> However, despite the violence and Obama's remarks, thepolitical appetite for gun control on Capitol Hill has notchanged, and a broad new effort by the administration isunlikely as it works on immigration reform and budget battlesthat threaten to shut down the government.
</a> When asked if he legitimately believes the interviews impede his progress, he said: âI was just on the rehab table and I had to get taken off the table to come do interviews, so yes I do (feel it hampers my rehab).â
</a> There is so much money to be made, everyone wants to get in on the actionâconsultants, politicians, placement agents, and former hedge fund clients, such as fiduciaries who leave pensions, endowments and foundations to join the industry.
</a> David Cameron today strongly denied reports the Government is considering a plan to ensure that Britain’s nuclear deterrent would remain in Scotland after independence despite SNP promises to remove it.
</a> Successive, often deadly assaults on women working in state institutions are fuelling concern that hard-won women's rights promoted by the United States and its allies are eroding as international forces prepare to withdraw next year.
</a> Jerry Coyne, an ecology and evolution professor at the University of Chicago who said he first complained to Ball State about Hedin's class, said during an interview Tuesday that he doesn't think either Hedin or Gonzalez should lose their jobs.
</a> Long before Kardashian and boyfriend Kanye West began dating and became parents to baby North West, the rapper’s ex, Amber Rose, called Kardashian a “homewrecker” and accused the reality star of sending racy photos to West while he and Rose were dating in 2010. Rose said she wrote Kardashian for an explanation but never heard back.
</a> Japan spiraled into deep recession after the sales tax was increased in 1997 to 5 percent from 3 percent. Economists are divided on how much the hike was to blame, as the Asian financial crisis and then Japan's own banking crisis followed shortly afterwards.
</a> After an analyst described his own "edge" in an emailmessage, longtime SAC portfolio manager Michael Steinbergforwarded the message to another executive, worried that theanalyst's message might be flagged by lawyers.
</a> Prevention of low-risk prostate cancer offers a complementary strategy to early detection. The PCPT addressed the issue by randomizing almost 19,000 healthy, cancer-free men ≥55 to daily finasteride or placebo for 7 years. Participants had regular follow-up visits that included PSA testing and digital rectal exam, and biopsies were performed as indicated by the trial protocol.
</a> At euronews we believe in the intelligence of our viewers and we think that the mission of a news channel is to deliver facts without any opinion or bias, so that the viewers can form their own opinion on world events.
</a> "Michelle to me was a no-brainer," Mallon said of the 23-year-old from Hawaii, who hasn't won since the 2010 Canadian Women's Open. "With her experience, she can handle the big stage. She's played well in Solheim Cups, and I just really believe in Michelle Wie."
</a> “You know, it is one of those things,” he shrugs. “It is your career. What option do I have? Tell Oracle that I’m not ready to steer this boat? Pack my bags and go home? Bart would have hated that.
</a> Government operations would be funded through the middle ofJanuary, keeping in place the across-the-board "sequester"spending cuts that took effect in March, though governmentagencies would have more latitude to ease their impact. It wouldalso set up a new round of budget talks that would try to strikea bargain by year's end.
</a> It doesn’t matter if it works or not. It will be priced so high nobody will be able to afford it, just like all the other non-injected products for diabetics. Maybe it will be cheaper in Canada or a third world country.